Judaism

Guenther — 2007 (Ten Commandments – Journal of Qur’anic Studies 9.1).pdf

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In the Bible, as is well known, the Ten Commandments – termed in Biblical Hebrew aseret ha-dvarım and in Rabbinical Hebrew aseret ha-dibrΩt, ‘the ten words’; also called the Decalogue, derived from the Greek deka logoi, ‘ten words’ or ‘ten sayings’ – occur in two versions, in Exodus 20:1–17 and Deuteronomy 5:5–21.2 An additional, perhaps older, though less prestigious list of the Ten Commandments is included in Exodus 34:14–28.3 According to these passages, the Ten Commandments were divinely revealed to Moses on Mount Sinai and were engraved on two tablets of stone.4 They appear as a summary statement of the covenant requirement between God and the Israelites. Although they primarily consist of prohibitions, they carry direct implications for positive action.5

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O People of the Scripture! Come to a Word Common to You and Us (Q. 3:64):
The Ten Commandments and the Qur’an

Sebastian Gμnther

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO

The Ten Commandments of the Hebrew Bible, or the Old Testament, are undisputedly of fundamental significance for communities, societies and cultures of the Judeo-Christian tradition. Indeed, for many Jews and Christians this Biblical list of religious and ethical precepts is the Magna Carta of social order. It is a privileged record of law that constitutes a Biblical microcosm of God’s covenant with humankind. Naturally, the question arises as to whether the Qur’an also includes or expressly refers to God’s Ten Commandments. In other words, do the followers of the three monotheistic religions share a codex of religious and ethical rules equally crucial to their lives and coexistence?1

 

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